ArduinoAm29F010

README.txt

27:dcd08661531d
2015-08-09 Paul Boddie Changed the programmer wiring for better routing in a PCB design.
     1 The Am29F010-90PC product has been used to test the software and hardware
     2 design described here.
     3 
     4 Using the Software
     5 ==================
     6 
     7 First of all, to use the Arduino-based programming solution, the Arduino needs
     8 to have a program transferred to it. The program is compiled using the
     9 Makefile provided, using the simple command...
    10 
    11 make
    12 
    13 To upload the program, the "upload" target is used as follows:
    14 
    15 make upload
    16 
    17 It is likely that this will fail unless appropriate permissions are available
    18 on the device through which the Arduino is accessed on the host machine. Thus,
    19 a privileged invocation is likely to be necessary:
    20 
    21 sudo make upload
    22 
    23 Testing the Program
    24 -------------------
    25 
    26 With the program uploaded, it should now be possible to communicate with the
    27 Arduino. Unless the programming circuit has been constructed, however, there
    28 will not be any effect of communicating with the Arduino, other than to check
    29 that the program is operational. Running the upload.py script as follows will
    30 permit such a test:
    31 
    32 ./upload.py -i
    33 
    34 Again, it is likely that this will need to be run in a privileged fashion as
    35 follows:
    36 
    37 sudo ./upload.py -i
    38 
    39 The script should act as a terminal, showing a ">" prompt that can accept
    40 various commands. Merely getting the prompt should be enough of an indication
    41 that the program is functioning on the device.
    42 
    43 Issuing read commands permits the testing of addresses in the device:
    44 
    45 R0000 (reads from the first location, 0x0000, residing in sector 0)
    46 R7fff (reads from the final location, 0x7fff, residing in sector 3)
    47 
    48 Uploading and Testing Images
    49 ----------------------------
    50 
    51 Once the programming circuit has been constructed (see "Arduino Interfacing"
    52 below), the upload.py script can be used to upload data to the Am29F010
    53 device. For example:
    54 
    55 sudo ./upload.py jungle.rom
    56 
    57 This will take jungle.rom and write it to the first sector of the Am29F010. To
    58 verify the operation, the following command can be used:
    59 
    60 sudo ./upload.py -v jungle.rom
    61 
    62 To write to other sectors, an option can be specified. For example:
    63 
    64 sudo ./upload.py -s 1 junglecode.rom
    65 
    66 Again, the operation can be verified as follows:
    67 
    68 sudo ./upload.py -s 1 -v junglecode.rom
    69 
    70 Note that the -s option must appear first.
    71 
    72 The upload.py script can accept multiple files and will write each of them to
    73 consecutive sectors. However, it can be more prudent to write files
    74 individually, especially if the circuit is behaving in a less than completely
    75 reliable fashion.
    76 
    77 A Note on Sectors
    78 -----------------
    79 
    80 Each sector is 16 kilobytes long, which corresponds to a 14-bit address range
    81 (0x0000 to 0x3FFF). The Arduino interface described below supports 16-bit
    82 addressing (A0...A15), permitting access to four sectors (at 0x0000, 0x4000,
    83 0x8000 and 0xC000), leaving A16 grounded and thus not accessing the upper four
    84 sectors in the device. However, A16 could be connected to VCC to access the
    85 upper four sectors.
    86 
    87 Device Compatibility
    88 ====================
    89 
    90 For use with an Acorn Electron ROM cartridge or other board providing a ROM
    91 socket, the compatibility of the Am29F010 needs to be assessed in the context
    92 of the ROM sockets likely to be provided.
    93 
    94 Original ROM Pinout     Am29F010 Pinout
    95 -------------------     ---------------
    96 
    97                              1  \/  32 VCC
    98                         A16  2      31 WE#
    99      1  \/  28 VCC      A15  3      30
   100 A12  2      27 A14      A12  4      29 A14
   101 A7   3      26 A13      A7   5      28 A13
   102 A6   4      25 A8       A6   6      27 A8
   103 A5   5      24 A9       A5   7      26 A9
   104 A4   6      23 A11      A4   8      25 A11
   105 A3   7      22 OE#      A3   9      24 OE#
   106 A2   8      21 A10      A2  10      23 A10
   107 A1   9      20 CS#      A1  11      22 CE#
   108 A0  10      19 D7       A0  12      21 DQ7
   109 D0  11      18 D6       DQ0 13      20 DQ6
   110 D1  12      17 D5       DQ1 14      19 DQ5
   111 D2  13      16 D4       DQ2 15      18 DQ4
   112 GND 14      15 D3   GND/VSS 16      17 DQ3
   113 
   114 Superimposing the Am29F010 onto a ROM socket would provide compatibility for
   115 all pins from A12 to GND/VSS and from A14 to D3/DQ3.
   116 
   117 Pin 1 in a ROM socket would correspond to A15 but is not necessarily
   118 connected, nor, perhaps, is A14 since only 14 bits are required to address 16
   119 kilobytes, although there may be 32 kilobyte sockets connecting A14 and using
   120 15 bits to address 32K. A16 and A15 would probably be connected to ground to
   121 ensure correct operation, but could also be wired to a selection mechanism so
   122 that the entire contents of the flash memory might be exposed.
   123 
   124 Pin 28 is a ROM socket would provide power, but the corresponding pin 30 on an
   125 Am29F010 is not connected. Thus pin 30 would need routing to pin 32 for the
   126 flash device socket.
   127 
   128 Pin 31 for the Am29F010 would need to be asserted. Thus pin 30 might also be
   129 routed to pin 31, so that the device would remain read-only at all times.
   130 
   131 Dual ROM Adapter Usage
   132 ======================
   133 
   134 A single Am29F010 device could be wired to two ROM sockets in order to provide
   135 data to both. The above wiring guide would be employed, with connections from
   136 both sockets being connected to the Am29F010, but additional logic would be
   137 required for the CS# signals originating from the sockets in order to expose
   138 the appropriate region of flash memory. ROM #1 would be served by a "lower"
   139 16K region; ROM #2 would be served by an "upper" 16K region; A14 would be used
   140 to switch between these regions.
   141 
   142 When ROM #1's CS# signal is low, an attempt to read from ROM #1 would be
   143 occurring, and thus A14 would be held low. And when ROM #2's CS# signal is
   144 low, an attempt to read from ROM #2 would be occurring, and thus A14 would be
   145 held high.
   146 
   147 Meanwhile, the CS# signal for the two ROM sockets would need to be combined to
   148 produce a resultant CE# signal for the Am29F010.
   149 
   150 ROM #1 CS#  ROM #2 CS#  Am29F010 A14    Am29F010 CE#
   151 ----------  ----------  ------------    ------------
   152 0           0           Not defined     Not defined
   153 0           1           0               0
   154 1           0           1               0
   155 1           1           Not defined     1
   156 
   157 It might therefore be possible to connect A14 to ROM #1's CS# signal. And the
   158 resultant CE# signal could be the product of an AND gate:
   159 
   160 Am29F010 CE# = ROM #1 CS# AND ROM #2 CS#
   161 
   162 Wiring Details
   163 --------------
   164 
   165 ROM #1  ROM #2  74HC08  Am29F010
   166 ------  ------  ------  --------
   167 CS#             1A      A14
   168         CS#     1B
   169                 1Y      CE#
   170 OE#                     OE#
   171 
   172 ROM (Common)    74HC08  Am29F010
   173 ------------    ------  --------
   174 VCC             VCC
   175 GND             GND
   176 VCC                     VCC
   177 VCC                     WE#
   178 D0                      DQ0
   179 D1                      DQ1
   180 D2                      DQ2
   181 D3                      DQ3
   182 D4                      DQ4
   183 D5                      DQ5
   184 D6                      DQ6
   185 D7                      DQ7
   186 A0                      A0
   187 A1                      A1
   188 A2                      A2
   189 A3                      A3
   190 A4                      A4
   191 A5                      A5
   192 A6                      A6
   193 A7                      A7
   194 A8                      A8
   195 A9                      A9
   196 A10                     A10
   197 A11                     A11
   198 A12                     A12
   199 A13                     A13
   200 GND                     A15
   201 GND                     A16
   202 GND                     GND
   203 
   204 Note that A15 and A16 are left grounded, effectively exposing only the first
   205 two sectors of the device. By connecting either or both of these to VCC, other
   206 pairs of sectors can be manually selected. A mechanism could also be devised
   207 to allow selection using logic, but this is not explored here.
   208 
   209 Arduino Interfacing
   210 ===================
   211 
   212 Arduino can employ at most 14 digital pins, whereas the Am29F010B requires 17
   213 address pins, 8 data pins, plus 3 control pins to be utilised.
   214 
   215 One solution is to map the 3 control pins directly to the Arduino, then to
   216 channel address and data via 8 common pins to latches, and then employ the
   217 remaining pins to control the latches.
   218 
   219 Two pins can be used to select the latches, and when neither latch is
   220 selected, the data pins will be used to read or write data from the flash
   221 memory.
   222 
   223 As a result, only 13 pins are needed on the Arduino.
   224 
   225 74HC273 Pinout
   226 --------------
   227 
   228 MR#  1  \/  20 VCC
   229 Q0   2      19 Q7
   230 D0   3      18 D7
   231 D1   4      17 D6
   232 Q1   5      16 Q6
   233 Q2   6      15 Q5
   234 D2   7      14 D5
   235 D3   8      13 D4
   236 Q3   9      12 Q4
   237 GND 10      11 CP
   238 
   239 Arduino     74HC273 #1  74HC273 #2  Am29F010
   240 -------     ----------  ----------  --------
   241 A5                                  CE#
   242 A4                                  OE#
   243 A3                                  WE#
   244 2           CP
   245 3                       CP
   246 4           D3          D3          DQ3
   247 5           D2          D2          DQ2
   248 6           D1          D1          DQ1
   249 7           D0          D0          DQ0
   250 8           D4          D4          DQ4
   251 9           D5          D5          DQ5
   252 10          D6          D6          DQ6
   253 11          D7          D7          DQ7
   254             Q0                      A0
   255             Q1                      A1
   256             Q2                      A2
   257             Q3                      A3
   258             Q4                      A4
   259             Q5                      A5
   260             Q6                      A6
   261             Q7                      A7
   262                         Q0          A8
   263                         Q1          A9
   264                         Q2          A10
   265                         Q3          A11
   266                         Q4          A12
   267                         Q5          A13
   268                         Q6          A14
   269                         Q7          A15
   270 GND                                 A16 (not used)
   271 5V          MR#         MR#
   272 5V          VCC         VCC         VCC
   273 GND         GND         GND         VSS
   274 
   275 Set Address
   276 -----------
   277 
   278 74HC273 #1 CP = 1; 74HC273 #2 CP = 0
   279 74HC273 #1 D[7...0] = A[7...0]
   280 74HC273 #1 CP = 0; 74HC273 #2 CP = 1
   281 74HC273 #2 D[7...0] = A[15...8]
   282 
   283 Write Data
   284 ----------
   285 
   286 Configure pins as D[7...0]
   287 WE# = 0
   288 74HC273 #1 CP = 0; 74HC273 #2 CP = 0
   289 74HC273 #3 D[7...0] = D[7...0]
   290 WE# = 1
   291 
   292 Read Data
   293 ---------
   294 
   295 Configure pins as Q[7...0]
   296 OE# = 0
   297 74HC273 #1 CP = 1; 74HC273 #2 CP = 0
   298 Q[7...0] = 74HC273 #0 Q[7...0]
   299 OE# = 1
   300 
   301 Pins
   302 ====
   303 
   304 A0-A16      17-bit addressing
   305 DQ0-DQ7     8-bit data transfer
   306 CE#         chip enable
   307 OE#         output enable
   308 WE#         write enable
   309 VCC         5V
   310 VSS         ground
   311 NC          (not connected)
   312 
   313 Low-Level Operations
   314 ====================
   315 
   316 CE# high            standby
   317 CE# low             read, write or output disable
   318 
   319 OE# high, WE# high  output disable
   320 OE# low, WE# high   read
   321 OE# high, WE# low   write
   322 
   323 Thus, for reading and writing:
   324 
   325 OE# = not WE#
   326 
   327 Timing
   328 ======
   329 
   330 According to the datasheet, addresses are latched on the falling edge of the
   331 latest of WE# and CE#, data is latched on the rising edge of the latest of WE#
   332 and CE#.
   333 
   334 Strategy:
   335 
   336  1. Start with CE#, OE#, WE# high       (standby, output disable)
   337  2. Bring CE# low                       (output disable)
   338  3. Set addresses
   339  4. Bring WE# or OE# low for operation  (write or read)
   340  5. Read or write data
   341  6. Bring WE# or OE# high               (output disable)
   342 
   343 Operation Modes
   344 ===============
   345 
   346 By default, the device is in read mode, meaning that merely bringing OE# low
   347 will produce data for the asserted address.
   348 
   349 To issue commands to change the mode involves write operations with specific
   350 address and data arguments.
   351 
   352 Sectors
   353 =======
   354 
   355 A[16...14] selects each 16KB sector and is referred to as the sector address
   356 or SA in the documentation.
   357 
   358 Commands
   359 ========
   360 
   361 Reset                       (A=$5555; D=$AA); (A=$2AAA; D=$55); (A=$5555; D=$F0)
   362 
   363 Autoselect (manufacturer)   (A=$5555; D=$AA); (A=$2AAA; D=$55); (A=$5555; D=$90);
   364                             (A=$X00; read)
   365                             => D=$01
   366 
   367 Autoselect (device)         (A=$5555; D=$AA); (A=$2AAA; D=$55); (A=$5555; D=$90);
   368                             (A=$X01; read)
   369                             => D=$20
   370 
   371 Simple reset                (A=$XXXX; D=$F0)
   372 
   373 Sector erase                (A=$5555; D=$AA); (A=$2AAA; D=$55); (A=$5555; D=$80);
   374                             (A=$5555; D=$AA); (A=$2AAA; D=$55); (A=SA; D=$30)
   375 
   376 Program                     (A=$5555; D=$AA); (A=$2AAA; D=$55); (A=$5555; D=$A0);
   377                             (A=PA; D=PD)
   378 
   379 Progress
   380 --------
   381 
   382 Programming and erasure commands employ data pins as follows:
   383 
   384         Programming                         Erasure
   385 DQ7     On completion: DQ7-out              On completion: 1
   386 DQ6     During: toggling value              During: toggling value
   387 DQ5     On failure: 1                       On failure: 1
   388 DQ3                                         Sector erase begun: 1
   389 
   390 A read operation is required to obtain these outputs, typically with the same
   391 address used to initiate each operation.