simplify

Annotated docs/gpl-3.0.txt

285:6f583cfa39a5
2008-07-13 Paul Boddie Commit long uncommitted changes.
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                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
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 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
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 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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                            Preamble
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  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
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software and other kinds of works.
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  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
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to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
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the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
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share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
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software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
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GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
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any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
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your programs, too.
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  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
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want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
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free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
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  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
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certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
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you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
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  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
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freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
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or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
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know their rights.
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  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
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giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
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  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
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that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
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authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
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changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
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authors of previous versions.
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  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
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can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
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protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
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pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
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use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
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have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
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products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
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stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
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of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
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  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
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States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
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software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
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avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
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make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
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patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
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  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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modification follow.
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                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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  0. Definitions.
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  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
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works, such as semiconductor masks.
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  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
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infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
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  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
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  1. Source Code.
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  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
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  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
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  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
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covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
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rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
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not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
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  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
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  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
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  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
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  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
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keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
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  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
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and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
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  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
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produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
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    a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
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    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
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    released under this License and any conditions added under section
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    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
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    "keep intact all notices".
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    c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
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    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
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    d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
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    work need not make them do so.
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and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
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in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
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"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
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used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
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beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
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in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
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parts of the aggregate.
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  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
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  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
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of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
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in one of these ways:
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    a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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    b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
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    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
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    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
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    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
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    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
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    c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
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    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
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    d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
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    e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
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from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
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included in conveying the object code work.
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  7. Additional Terms.
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  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
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License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
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Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
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be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
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apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
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this License without regard to the additional permissions.
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paulb@260 406
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  8. Termination.
paulb@260 408
paulb@260 409
  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
paulb@260 410
provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
paulb@260 411
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
paulb@260 412
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paulb@260 413
paragraph of section 11).
paulb@260 414
paulb@260 415
  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
paulb@260 416
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
paulb@260 417
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
paulb@260 418
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
paulb@260 419
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
paulb@260 420
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
paulb@260 421
paulb@260 422
  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
paulb@260 423
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
paulb@260 424
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
paulb@260 425
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
paulb@260 426
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
paulb@260 427
your receipt of the notice.
paulb@260 428
paulb@260 429
  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
paulb@260 430
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
paulb@260 431
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
paulb@260 432
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
paulb@260 433
material under section 10.
paulb@260 434
paulb@260 435
  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
paulb@260 436
paulb@260 437
  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
paulb@260 438
run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
paulb@260 439
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
paulb@260 440
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
paulb@260 441
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
paulb@260 442
modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
paulb@260 443
not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
paulb@260 444
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
paulb@260 445
paulb@260 446
  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
paulb@260 447
paulb@260 448
  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
paulb@260 449
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
paulb@260 450
propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
paulb@260 451
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
paulb@260 452
paulb@260 453
  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
paulb@260 454
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
paulb@260 455
organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
paulb@260 456
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
paulb@260 457
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
paulb@260 458
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
paulb@260 459
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
paulb@260 460
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
paulb@260 461
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
paulb@260 462
paulb@260 463
  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
paulb@260 464
rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
paulb@260 465
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
paulb@260 466
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
paulb@260 467
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
paulb@260 468
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
paulb@260 469
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
paulb@260 470
paulb@260 471
  11. Patents.
paulb@260 472
paulb@260 473
  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
paulb@260 474
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
paulb@260 475
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
paulb@260 476
paulb@260 477
  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
paulb@260 478
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
paulb@260 479
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
paulb@260 480
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
paulb@260 481
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
paulb@260 482
consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
paulb@260 483
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
paulb@260 484
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
paulb@260 485
this License.
paulb@260 486
paulb@260 487
  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
paulb@260 488
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
paulb@260 489
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
paulb@260 490
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
paulb@260 491
paulb@260 492
  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
paulb@260 493
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
paulb@260 494
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
paulb@260 495
sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
paulb@260 496
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
paulb@260 497
patent against the party.
paulb@260 498
paulb@260 499
  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
paulb@260 500
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
paulb@260 501
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
paulb@260 502
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
paulb@260 503
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
paulb@260 504
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
paulb@260 505
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
paulb@260 506
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
paulb@260 507
license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
paulb@260 508
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
paulb@260 509
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
paulb@260 510
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
paulb@260 511
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
paulb@260 512
paulb@260 513
  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
paulb@260 514
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
paulb@260 515
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
paulb@260 516
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
paulb@260 517
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
paulb@260 518
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
paulb@260 519
work and works based on it.
paulb@260 520
paulb@260 521
  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
paulb@260 522
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
paulb@260 523
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
paulb@260 524
specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
paulb@260 525
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
paulb@260 526
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
paulb@260 527
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
paulb@260 528
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
paulb@260 529
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
paulb@260 530
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
paulb@260 531
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
paulb@260 532
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
paulb@260 533
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
paulb@260 534
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
paulb@260 535
paulb@260 536
  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
paulb@260 537
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
paulb@260 538
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
paulb@260 539
paulb@260 540
  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
paulb@260 541
paulb@260 542
  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
paulb@260 543
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
paulb@260 544
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
paulb@260 545
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
paulb@260 546
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
paulb@260 547
not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
paulb@260 548
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
paulb@260 549
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
paulb@260 550
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
paulb@260 551
paulb@260 552
  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
paulb@260 553
paulb@260 554
  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
paulb@260 555
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
paulb@260 556
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
paulb@260 557
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
paulb@260 558
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
paulb@260 559
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
paulb@260 560
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
paulb@260 561
combination as such.
paulb@260 562
paulb@260 563
  14. Revised Versions of this License.
paulb@260 564
paulb@260 565
  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
paulb@260 566
the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
paulb@260 567
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
paulb@260 568
address new problems or concerns.
paulb@260 569
paulb@260 570
  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
paulb@260 571
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
paulb@260 572
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
paulb@260 573
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
paulb@260 574
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
paulb@260 575
Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
paulb@260 576
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
paulb@260 577
by the Free Software Foundation.
paulb@260 578
paulb@260 579
  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
paulb@260 580
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
paulb@260 581
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
paulb@260 582
to choose that version for the Program.
paulb@260 583
paulb@260 584
  Later license versions may give you additional or different
paulb@260 585
permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
paulb@260 586
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
paulb@260 587
later version.
paulb@260 588
paulb@260 589
  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
paulb@260 590
paulb@260 591
  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
paulb@260 592
APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
paulb@260 593
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
paulb@260 594
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
paulb@260 595
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
paulb@260 596
PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
paulb@260 597
IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
paulb@260 598
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
paulb@260 599
paulb@260 600
  16. Limitation of Liability.
paulb@260 601
paulb@260 602
  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
paulb@260 603
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
paulb@260 604
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
paulb@260 605
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
paulb@260 606
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
paulb@260 607
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
paulb@260 608
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
paulb@260 609
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
paulb@260 610
SUCH DAMAGES.
paulb@260 611
paulb@260 612
  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
paulb@260 613
paulb@260 614
  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
paulb@260 615
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
paulb@260 616
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
paulb@260 617
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
paulb@260 618
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
paulb@260 619
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
paulb@260 620
paulb@260 621
                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
paulb@260 622
paulb@260 623
            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
paulb@260 624
paulb@260 625
  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
paulb@260 626
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
paulb@260 627
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
paulb@260 628
paulb@260 629
  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
paulb@260 630
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
paulb@260 631
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
paulb@260 632
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
paulb@260 633
paulb@260 634
    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
paulb@260 635
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
paulb@260 636
paulb@260 637
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
paulb@260 638
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
paulb@260 639
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
paulb@260 640
    (at your option) any later version.
paulb@260 641
paulb@260 642
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
paulb@260 643
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
paulb@260 644
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
paulb@260 645
    GNU General Public License for more details.
paulb@260 646
paulb@260 647
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
paulb@260 648
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
paulb@260 649
paulb@260 650
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
paulb@260 651
paulb@260 652
  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
paulb@260 653
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
paulb@260 654
paulb@260 655
    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
paulb@260 656
    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
paulb@260 657
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
paulb@260 658
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
paulb@260 659
paulb@260 660
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
paulb@260 661
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
paulb@260 662
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
paulb@260 663
paulb@260 664
  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
paulb@260 665
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
paulb@260 666
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
paulb@260 667
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
paulb@260 668
paulb@260 669
  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
paulb@260 670
into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
paulb@260 671
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
paulb@260 672
the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
paulb@260 673
Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
paulb@260 674
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.